![The Dutch Big Four and Germany: AKU, Royal Dutch Shell, Unilever and Philips, 1890-1960. | Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication | Erasmus University Rotterdam The Dutch Big Four and Germany: AKU, Royal Dutch Shell, Unilever and Philips, 1890-1960. | Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication | Erasmus University Rotterdam](https://www.eur.nl/sites/corporate/files/styles/responsive_w350_r4_3/public/dutch_big_four_03.jpg?h=f36f5041&itok=Np50nD5i)
The Dutch Big Four and Germany: AKU, Royal Dutch Shell, Unilever and Philips, 1890-1960. | Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication | Erasmus University Rotterdam
![FILE--People visit the stand of Philips during an exhibition in Shanghai, China, 20 June 2016. Dutch multinational Royal Philips NV said it is bul Stock Photo - Alamy FILE--People visit the stand of Philips during an exhibition in Shanghai, China, 20 June 2016. Dutch multinational Royal Philips NV said it is bul Stock Photo - Alamy](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/W67CKX/file-people-visit-the-stand-of-philips-during-an-exhibition-in-shanghai-china-20-june-2016-dutch-multinational-royal-philips-nv-said-it-is-bul-W67CKX.jpg)
FILE--People visit the stand of Philips during an exhibition in Shanghai, China, 20 June 2016. Dutch multinational Royal Philips NV said it is bul Stock Photo - Alamy
![President Cor Boonstra of Dutch electronica giant Royal Philips Electronics poses for photographers infront of a display of a Philips mobile phone, while on his way to the presentation of the Philips President Cor Boonstra of Dutch electronica giant Royal Philips Electronics poses for photographers infront of a display of a Philips mobile phone, while on his way to the presentation of the Philips](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2D5CJXP/president-cor-boonstra-of-dutch-electronica-giant-royal-philips-electronics-poses-for-photographers-infront-of-a-display-of-a-philips-mobile-phone-while-on-his-way-to-the-presentation-of-the-philips-1999-annual-report-in-amsterdam-february-17-philips-1999-net-profits-from-continueing-operations-more-then-trippled-to-180-billion-euros-177-billion-2D5CJXP.jpg)